Which movements occur in the frontal plane?

In the context of human movement, the frontal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections. Movements that occur in this plane involve lateral movements, which include both adduction and abduction.

Adduction refers to the movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body. For example, when you bring your arms back down to your sides after raising them, that movement is an example of adduction occurring in the frontal plane.

Abduction, on the other hand, is the movement away from the midline, such as raising your arms or legs out to the sides. Both adduction and abduction are classic examples of movements in the frontal plane, distinguishing them from those that occur in other planes, such as flexion and extension, which primarily happen in the sagittal plane.

Understanding the relation of these movements to the planes of motion helps in designing effective exercise programs and comprehending human movement patterns in various activities.